ANCIENT HISTORY

1-THE START OF ANCIENT HISTORY IN SPAIN. READ AND COPY THE INFORMATION.

It started when writing was invented (3500 B.C.) and ended with the fall of the Roman Empire (476 A.D.) At the start, the Celts and Iberians lived in the peninsula. From the 10th century B.C., three civilizations started to come and establish colonies. They wanted to find metal and trade with the Celts and the Iberians.

GREEKS,CARTHAGINIANS AND PHOENICIANS They changed how people lived in the peninsula. They introduced: Wine and olive oil. Writing Coins for trade.

Can  you draw pictures?            Wine and olive oil.       Writing              Coins for trade.

PART 2. THE ROMAN CONQUEST.  READ AND COPY THE INFORMATION.

Romans came in 218 B.C. from the Italian Peninsula. They were Carthaginians’ rivals and they both wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea. To control the Iberian Peninsula, the Romans had to fight and win many wars against different tribes such as Carthaginians and Celtiberian tribes for more than 200 years (from 218 B.C. until 19 B.C.). The romans called the peninsula : HISPANIA.

3.- IMPORTANT PEOPLE Very important people from those battles were: Viriato: Leader of the Lusitanians (a Celtiberian tribe). He fought the romans until he was defeated( derrotado) and  killed. Scipio Aemilianus (Escipión Emiliano): Roman general who attacked Numantia (Numancia), a Celtiberian city. There was a siege and Scipio took control of the city. Julius Caesar:(Julio Cesar) A very important Roman general who became Emperor. Hannibal: Carthaginian general who attacked Saguntum (Sagunto). There was a siege and Hannibal took control of the city.

4. ROMANISATION

Romans changed the way people lived in the Iberian Peninsula. These changes are called Romanisation. They divided the peninsula into provinces. Changes:

- Cities: Different types of buildings such as: aqueduct (to carry water), theatre, temples, city walls, roads or vias, bridges...

- Roads: They built roads (called vias) and bridges to connect the cities.

- Trade: There was more trade than before.

- Society: Divided into free people and slaves.

- Law: They introduced the Roman Law.( Derecho romano)

- Culture: They introduced:

• Their own language, Latin (Spanish comes from Latin).
• Their religion, with many gods (later, Christianity)
• Roman schools with Roman education (Seneca, a Roman thinker, was born in Hispania)
• Roman-style sculptures, paintings and mosaics.

5.- END OF ROMAN HISPANIA

Most of the known world was controlled by Romans. It was called the Roman Empire and it was ruled by the Roman Emperor.

People living outside the Empire were called barbarians. They started to invade the empire and after many battles, they conquered the empire in 476 A.D. and removed the last emperor, Romulus Augustus.

This was the fall of the Roman Empire and the end of Ancient History.